Complete tooth loss is the result of long-term, untreated oral diseases. In Poland, about 9 million people wear dentures, which shows how common this phenomenon is. How to properly care for a denture at home to avoid problems and extend its lifespan?
SEE ALSO: How to quickly remove tartar from a denture?
Diseases and problems related to wearing dentures
Unfortunately, wearing a denture is often associated with various health problems, such as stomatitis or mucositis. These diseases are often caused by infection with yeast-like fungi of the Candida strain [1]. Nearly 40% of denture wearers struggle with this problem, with stomatopathies occurring more frequently in women than in men. Poor oral hygiene is one of the main factors leading to these diseases [2].
Several factors influence the development of diseases related to wearing dental dentures, such as:
- saliva pH,
- smoking,
- sugar consumption,
- oral thrush,
- duration of denture use.
Why does a denture require daily cleaning?
The bacterial biofilm that forms on the surface of dentures is difficult to remove, and its presence can lead to serious health problems. The key element is therefore its cleanliness. Current evidence-based guidelines emphasize the importance of removing bacterial biofilm to maintain good oral health and overall patient health. Brushing, flossing, or scaling significantly reduce plaque and gingivitis [3].
Most common mistakes in denture care
Improper denture care can significantly shorten its lifespan and lead to health problems. Here are the most common mistakes to avoid:
Improper mechanical cleaning
Brushing too vigorously with a hard toothbrush can cause damage to the denture surface. On the other hand, inadequate cleaning, especially in hard-to-reach areas, promotes bacterial growth and tartar formation.
Leaving the denture in the mouth overnight
Wearing a denture around the clock prevents the gums from resting and regenerating. This leads to inflammations, mucosal overgrowth, and even bone loss. Additionally, the dark and moist environment of the oral cavity during sleep promotes the growth of bacteria and fungi on the denture.
Home methods for cleaning dentures – are they effective?
Cleaning a denture with baking soda
Baking soda is a popular cleaning agent used in home conditions. It is known for its cleaning and antibacterial properties. Many people may consider using it to clean dental dentures because it seems like a natural and inexpensive solution. However, its use for cleaning dentures can cause more harm than good.
Baking soda has abrasive properties that can be effective in removing stains and contaminants from various surfaces. However, these same properties can damage the delicate surface of dental dentures. Regular use of baking soda to clean dentures can lead to micro-damages that over time may weaken the denture structure and shorten its lifespan [4].
Micro-damages can become sites for bacterial colonization, increasing the risk of oral infections. Moreover, regular use of baking soda can also cause changes in the shape of the denture, affecting its fit and wearing comfort.
Instead of using baking soda, it is recommended to use specialized cleaning agents designed for dental dentures. They are designed to effectively remove contaminants without damaging the delicate denture structure.
Cleaning dental dentures with vinegar – a natural cleaning method, but is it suitable for everything?
Vinegar is another popular cleaning agent used in many home methods. Its disinfecting and cleaning properties are well known, which may encourage its use in cleaning dental dentures. But is it a good idea?
Vinegar is an acidic liquid that effectively dissolves deposits and kills bacteria. Its use may seem effective in removing tartar and other contaminants from dentures. However, the acidic properties of vinegar can be harmful to the materials from which dental dentures are made.
Regular use of vinegar to clean dental dentures can lead to degradation of the denture material. Acidic agents can weaken the denture structure, causing brittleness and susceptibility to cracks. Additionally, vinegar can cause discoloration of the denture, affecting its aesthetics.
Cleaning dental dentures with hydrogen peroxide – yes or no?
Hydrogen peroxide is found in every first aid kit – it effectively disinfects wounds, kills bacteria and viruses, so it may seem like a logical choice for cleaning dental dentures. The problem is that what works on skin is not necessarily safe for acrylic.
Hydrogen peroxide has strong oxidizing properties – and these are exactly what pose a threat to the denture material. With regular use, it can:
- weaken the acrylic structure – the material becomes brittle and prone to cracking,
- cause discoloration – the denture loses its natural color, yellowish or whitish stains appear,
- damage the surface – microcracks facilitate bacterial accumulation.
If you are looking for effective disinfection, safer solutions are dedicated denture cleaning tablets or antibacterial solutions specially designed for this purpose. They maintain effectiveness against bacteria but do not damage the material.
Cleaning dentures with citric acid – is it a good idea?
Citric acid works great on kettle scale and washing machine deposits – it effectively dissolves deposits, disinfects, and is easily available. So it may seem like a good idea for cleaning dentures. The problem? What works on ceramics and metals can destroy acrylic.
Citric acid is a strong organic acid – and it is this acidity that poses a threat to the denture material. With regular use, it can:
- weaken the acrylic structure – the material becomes brittle and prone to cracking,
- etch the denture surface – microcracks form, which facilitate the accumulation of bacteria and deposits,
- cause discoloration – the denture loses its natural color, becoming matte and stained.
If you want to effectively remove tartar, safer solutions are dedicated denture cleaning tablets or enzymatic solutions specially designed for acrylic. They dissolve deposits but do not destroy the material.
Denture care with the ZENT® Ultrasonic Cleaner
One of the most effective ways to clean dentures is ultrasonic cleaner ZENT®Ultrasonic Cleaner. The cleaner was designed with the aim of thorough and gentle cleaning of dentures, ensuring the highest hygiene without the risk of damage.
The ultrasonic cleaner ZENT® Ultrasonic Cleaner uses ultrasonic technology that generates millions of microscopic bubbles. The bubbles implode, removing all impurities, bacteria, and deposits from the denture surface. The technology is gentle enough not to damage the denture, while effectively eliminating bacterial biofilm that can cause infections and unpleasant odors. The ultrasonic cleaner is the best choice for people wearing dentures who want to care for their health and comfort.
Dentures require daily, careful care – the bacterial biofilm that accumulates on their surface can lead to oral inflammations and health problems. Home cleaning methods (baking soda, vinegar, hydrogen peroxide, citric acid) may seem effective, but in reality, they damage the denture material, leading to cracks, discoloration, and bacterial buildup.
The most important rule: remove the denture at night, cleaning it with dedicated products or a professional ultrasonic cleaner. The ZENT® Ultrasonic Cleaner removes bacterial biofilm effectively and safely, without risk of acrylic damage. If you notice discomfort, gum inflammation, or unpleasant odor – consult a dentist. A denture is not just aesthetics, it is oral health.
FAQ – most frequently asked questions about dentures
How often should a denture be cleaned?
The denture should be cleaned daily – preferably twice a day, just like natural teeth. In the morning after removing it from the overnight solution and in the evening before placing it back into the solution. Once a week, a deeper cleaning with an ultrasonic cleaner or special cleaning tablets is recommended.
Can I wear the denture all day, including at night?
No – removing the denture at night is crucial for oral health. Gums need time to rest and regenerate, and the dark, moist environment during sleep promotes the growth of bacteria and fungi. Wearing the denture all day increases the risk of inflammation, mucosal overgrowth, and bone loss.
What to store the denture in overnight?
The denture should be stored in a clean container with water or a special denture solution. Do not leave it dry – acrylic can deform and the denture will lose proper fit. Avoid hot water, which can deform the material.
How to use the ultrasonic cleaner?
Fill with water, place the denture inside, and run for 3-5 minutes. After cleaning, rinse under running water.
REFERENCES
[1] Peric, M. et al. (2024). "A Systematic Review of Denture Stomatitis: Predisposing Factors, Clinical Features, Etiology, and Global Candida spp. Distribution". Journal of Fungi.
[2] Gendreau, L. et al. (2011). "Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis". Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists.
[3] Di Spirito, F. et al. (2023). "Periodontal Management in Periodontally Healthy Orthodontic Patients with Fixed Appliances: An Umbrella Review of Self-Care Instructions and Evidence-Based Recommendations". Dentistry Journal.
[4] Žilinskas, J. et al. (2013). "The effect of cleaning substances on the surface of denture base material". Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research.
About the Author
Aleks Barszczewski is a graduate of Fordham University in New York, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Information Systems. As an oral hygiene enthusiast and a patient using Invisalign aligners, Aleks combines his knowledge with experience to share practical tips for daily dental care. His blog posts are based on scientific research and personal experiences related to maintaining a healthy and beautiful smile.
